What heat treatment process is used for 1060 carbon steel katana?

 Updated Feb 2026

1060 carbon steel katana undergo a standard heat treatment process that achieves the grade's characteristic hardness profile. The blade is heated to the critical temperature, then quenched in oil to rapidly cool the cutting edge zone - this transforms the high-carbon steel in the edge zone to martensite, the hardest phase of steel. The blade is then tempered at a controlled lower temperature to reduce brittleness while retaining the hardness achieved in the quench. This process achieves Rockwell hardness in the HRC 55-57 range for 1060, which is appropriate for a blade collectible that will be examined and occasionally handled. Some 1060 pieces receive differential clay-tempered treatment, where clay is applied to the spine before quenching to create a softer spine and harder edge, similar to the T10 process but with less dramatic hamon results.

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