Brown and gold tsuba in this collection are typically cast or hand-carved from iron alloys, brass, or bronze-tone zinc alloys, then finished through oxidation, gilding, or lacquer patination to achieve that characteristic warm metallic tone. Higher-end guards may feature partial gold or silver gilding applied to raised relief details - a technique that echoes the work of historical Japanese tosogu craftsmen. The color is not a surface paint but a result of the finishing process, which means it ages gracefully without flaking. Collectors should note that tsuba finish depth varies: carved iron guards with gold inlay age differently than cast brass guards with painted highlights, so examining product detail photos carefully helps set accurate expectations.